Driver Licensing Restrictions And Requirements for Every State

Every state, plus Washington D.C., uses some form of Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) for new drivers under 18. Instead of handing over a full license on day one, GDL walks you through three stages: a learner stage, an intermediate (sometimes called provisional) stage, and finally an unrestricted license. Each stage has its own rules about when you can drive, who can ride along, and how much practice you need first.

There is a reason states set it up this way. Per mile driven, the fatal crash rate for 16- to 19-year-olds is just over three times the rate for drivers 20 and older, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway SafetyFatality Statistics Detail Teenagers Topics. Curfews, passenger limits, and required practice hours target the situations where new drivers get into trouble most often.

The catch is that the details change a lot from one state to the next. Some states hand out permits at 14, others wait until 16. Some have strict curfews, and a few barely have one. Find your state below to see the learner, intermediate, and unrestricted rules that apply to you.

Quick note: GDL laws change often, and many states add exceptions for work, school, religious events, and emergencies. Use this guide to get oriented, then confirm the final details with your state's DMV or licensing agency before you apply.

How the Three Licensing Stages Work

Stage 1: Learner Stage

A learner's permitTrending Taken Drivers Ed Classes How Do I Get License Driversed.com lets you practice driving with a supervising adult. Most states want you to finish driver ed (or at least be enrolled) and pass a knowledge test first, and you have to hit your state's minimum age. Then comes a required holding period, usually 6 to 12 months, and a set number of supervised practice hours, often 50 with 10 at night. If you want extra practice before the test, our permit test prep coursesPermit Test Prep Courses Driversed.com cover the knowledge test for every state.

Stage 2: Intermediate Stage

After you pass the road testTrending How Pass Your Driving Test First Time Avoiding Common Mistakes Driversed.com, you get an intermediate or provisional license. You can drive on your own, but with limits: a nighttime curfew, a cap on teen passengers, or both. Many states also ban phone use for new drivers.

Stage 3: Unrestricted Stage

Once you have held your intermediate license long enough and reached the minimum age, the restrictions come off. In most states that happens at 17 or 18. A few states keep certain limits in place for drivers under 21.

Learner's Permit Ages at a Glance

Age 14: Alaska, Arkansas, Idaho (14 and 6 months), Iowa, Kansas, Michigan (14 and 9 months), Montana (14 and 6 months), North Dakota, and South Dakota.
Age 15 or 15 and a half: Most states. The 15-and-a-half group includes Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Virginia. Maryland starts at 15 and 9 months.
Age 16: Connecticut, Delaware, Washington D.C., Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island.

Jump to Your State

Teen Driver Licensing Rules by State

Alabama

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (waived if you complete driver ed). Your supervisor must be a parent, guardian, grandparent, or driving instructor. At 16, a licensed driver who is 21 or older can also supervise.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from midnight to 6 a.m., and no more than one non-family passenger.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end at 17, once you have held the license for 6 months.

Alaska

Learner stage: Permit at 14. Hold it for 6 months and log 40 hours of supervised driving, with 10 of those hours at night or in bad weather.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No unsupervised driving from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m., and no passengers under 21 (family excepted).
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 6 months of licensure or at 18, whichever comes first.

Arizona

Learner stage: Permit at 15 and 6 months. Hold it for 6 months and log 30 hours of supervised driving, with 10 at night (the hours requirement is waived with driver ed). A 15-year-old enrolled in driver ed can drive only with the authorizing instructor.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 18. Both rules are secondary enforcement.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 6 months of licensure or at 18, whichever comes first.

Arkansas

Learner stage: At 14, you can get an instruction permit after passing the written test, then a learner's license after the road test. The combined holding period is 6 months, and neither lets you drive unsupervised. There is no set minimum for practice hours.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16, and you need to be crash- and violation-free for 6 months first. No driving from 11 p.m. to 4 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 21 (family excepted). Everyone in the car must be buckled.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end at 18.

California

Learner stage: Permit at 15 and 6 months. You need driver ed, 6 hours of behind-the-wheel training with a licensed instructor, and 50 hours of supervised practice (10 at night). Hold the permit for at least 6 months before the road test.
Intermediate stage: Provisional license at 16. For the first 12 months, no driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. and no passengers under 20 unless a parent or guardian, a licensed driver 25 or older, or a driving instructor is with you. Exceptions exist for school, work, and medical needs.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions lift after 12 months, so 17 at the earliest. Applicants who skip driver ed must wait until 18.

Colorado

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 12 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). Applicants under 18 must finish driver ed within six months of applying for the permit.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No unsupervised driving from midnight to 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement). No passengers for the first 6 months, then one passenger for the next 6 (family excepted).
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 12 months or at 18, whichever comes first, so 17 at the earliest.

Connecticut

Learner stage: Permit at 16. Hold it for 6 months (4 months if you complete driver ed) and log 40 hours of supervised driving. Applicants under 18 need either driver ed or home training, and a parent or guardian must attend a 2-hour class on teen driving laws before your driving test. Permit holders can only carry passengers who are parents, guardians, or the person giving instruction.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16 and 4 months. No driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. For the first 6 months, no passengers other than parents or a driving instructor. For the next 6 months, only the immediate family can ride with you.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends at 18. The passenger restriction ends after 12 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

Delaware

Learner stage: Permit at 16, with 6 months of holding time and 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). Driver ed is required for applicants under 18, and driver ed students can get a learner's permit as early as 15 years and 10 months once they finish the on-road part of the course. During the first 6 months of the Level 1 permit you can only drive with supervision and carry one passenger besides your supervisor (family excepted). The next 6 months work like an intermediate license: unsupervised driving from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m., one passenger. Under 18, you need at least 12 months between the learner and Level 1 permits combined.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16 and 6 months. No driving from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m., and no more than one passenger.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 6 months of licensure, so 17 at the earliest.

Washington D.C.

Learner stage: Permit at 16. Hold it for 6 months and log 40 hours of supervised driving. A 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. driving restriction applies to learners.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16 and 6 months, and you need 10 hours of supervised night driving. From September through June, no driving from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. Sunday through Thursday nights, or from 12:01 a.m. to 6 a.m. on Friday and Saturday nights. In July and August the curfew is 12:01 a.m. to 6 a.m. every night. No passengers during this stage.
Unrestricted license: Applicants under 21 must complete the intermediate stage. After that, you can move on at 18, once you have held the license for 6 months. Drivers who finish the intermediate stage before 18 still follow the curfew and are limited to two passengers under 21 until they turn 18.

Florida

Learner stage: Permit at 15, after completing a Traffic Law and Substance Abuse Education (TLSA) course. Hold it for 12 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). For the first 3 months, no driving after sunset. After that, no driving after 10 p.m.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No unsupervised driving from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. for 16-year-olds, or from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. for 17-year-olds. No passenger limits.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end at 18.

Georgia

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 12 months and log 40 hours of supervised driving (6 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16, and applicants under 18 must complete driver ed. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement). For the first 6 months, no passengers outside the family. For the next 6 months, one passenger under 21. After that, up to three passengers under 21.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end at 18.

Hawaii

Learner stage: Permit at 15 and 6 months. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16, and applicants under 18 must complete driver ed. No driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 18 (household members excepted).
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end once you are 17 and have held the license for 6 months.

Idaho

Learner stage: Training permit at 14 and 6 months if you are taking driver ed. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). Driver ed is required for license applicants under 17, and in some cases a qualifying parent or guardian can handle the in-car portions.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 15. No driving from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., and drivers 16 and younger can carry no more than one passenger under 17.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends at 16. The passenger restriction ends after 6 months of licensure or at 17.

Illinois

Learner stage: Permit at 15, and you must be enrolled in driver ed. Hold it for 9 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. Sunday through Thursday nights, or from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. on Friday and Saturday nights. For the first 12 months, no more than one passenger under 20 (family excepted).
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends at 18. The passenger restriction ends after 12 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

Indiana

Learner stage: Permit at 15 if you are enrolled in or have completed driver ed, and at 16 if not. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16 and 3 months with driver ed, or 16 and 9 months without. For the first 6 months, no driving from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. and no passengers. After that, no driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. Sunday through Thursday nights, or from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. on Friday and Saturday nights.
Unrestricted license: The graduated night curfew applies until 18. Drivers who get a license before 21 follow the first-6-months night and passenger rules for 6 months or until 21, whichever comes first.

Iowa

Learner stage: Permit at 14. Hold it for 12 months and log 20 hours of supervised driving (2 at night). You need 10 more supervised hours (2 at night) during the intermediate stage. At 14, a special minor's restricted license may be available for driving to work or school within a 25-mile radius.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16, and driver ed is required. No unsupervised driving from 12:30 a.m. to 5 a.m. Parents can choose to limit the first six months to one unrelated passenger under 18.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends once you have held the license for 12 months and are at least 17, or at 18.

Kansas

Learner stage: Permit at 14. Hold it for 12 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night), at least 25 of them during the learner phase. At 15, drivers who have completed driver training can get a restricted license for driving to and from school or work.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No unsupervised driving from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 18 (family excepted).
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 6 months of licensure or at 17, whichever comes first.

Kentucky

Learner stage: Permit at 15, thanks to a 2025 law that lowered the age from 16. Hold it for 6 months without violations and log 60 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). Permit holders can't drive from midnight to 6 a.m. or carry more than one passenger under 20 unless a driving instructor is supervising.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from midnight to 6 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 20 unless a driving instructor is supervising.
Unrestricted license: Available at 17, after holding the intermediate license for 6 months with a clean record.

Louisiana

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (15 at night). Every license applicant must complete a driver ed course.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. Between 6 p.m. and 5 a.m., no more than one passenger under 21. There is no passenger limit from 5 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end at 17.

Maine

Learner stage: Permit at 15, and driver ed is required for applicants under 18. Hold it for 6 months and log 70 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m., and no passengers outside the family for the first 9 months.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 9 months of licensure.

Maryland

Learner stage: Permit at 15 and 9 months, and driver ed is required. Hold it for 9 months and log 60 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16 and 6 months. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m., and no passengers under 18 (family excepted) for the first 5 months. The passenger rule is secondary enforcement.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends at 18. The passenger restriction ends after 5 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

Massachusetts

Learner stage: Permit at 16. Hold it for 6 months and log 40 hours of supervised driving (30 if you complete an approved driver skills development program). Permit holders under 18 can't drive from midnight to 5 a.m. unless a licensed parent or guardian is with them.
Intermediate stage: Junior operator license at 16 and 6 months, and driver ed is required for applicants under 18. No driving from 12:30 a.m. to 5 a.m., and no passengers under 18 (family excepted) for the first 6 months. Enforcement is secondary from 12:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. and from 4 a.m. to 5 a.m.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends at 18. The passenger restriction ends after 6 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

Michigan

Learner stage: Permit at 14 and 9 months, after finishing the first segment of driver ed. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16, after the second segment of driver ed. No driving from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 21 (family excepted).
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end once you have held the license for 6 months and are 17, or at 18.

Minnesota

Learner stage: Permit at 15, and applicants under 18 must be enrolled in driver ed. Hold it for 6 months and log 40 hours of supervised driving (15 at night). Applicants under 18 also need proof that a parent completed a course for parents of teen drivers, or 10 more certified practice hours.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16, and driver ed is required. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m. For the first 6 months, no more than one passenger under 20 (family excepted). For the second 6 months, up to three passengers under 20.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends after 6 months or at 18. The passenger restriction ends after 12 months or at 18. You need to stay crash-free to qualify.

Mississippi

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 12 months. There is no minimum number of practice hours.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16, and driver ed is required for applicants under 18. No driving from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. Sunday through Thursday nights, or from 11:30 p.m. to 6 a.m. on Friday and Saturday nights. No passenger limits.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends after 6 months of licensure or at 18, whichever comes first.

Missouri

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 6 months and log 40 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No unsupervised driving from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. For the first 6 months, no more than one passenger under 19 (family excepted). After that, up to three.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end at 18. Drivers with a clean record can apply for full privileges within the 30 days before their 18th birthday.

Montana

Learner stage: Permit at 14 and 6 months. Applicants under 15 must be enrolled in or have completed driver ed. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). If you take an approved online traffic education course and a parent or guardian teaches the hands-on portion, the requirement is 75 hours (15 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 15, and driver ed is required for applicants under 16. No driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. For the first 6 months, no more than one passenger under 18 (family excepted). For the next 6 months, up to three.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 12 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

Nebraska

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night), which is waived with driver ed. Rural students 14 and 2 months or older may qualify for a learner's permit and a school permit for driving to and from school.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from midnight to 6 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 19 (family excepted). Both rules are secondary enforcement.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends after 12 months or at 18. The passenger restriction ends after 6 months or at 18.

Nevada

Learner stage: Permit at 15 and 6 months. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). Applicants under 18 must complete driver ed, unless no program is offered within 30 miles of home.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., and no passengers under 18 (family excepted). Both rules are secondary enforcement.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends at 18. The passenger restriction ends after 6 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

New Hampshire

Learner stage: New Hampshire doesn't issue learner's permits. Starting at 15 and 6 months, you can drive with a licensed driver who is 25 or older. Log 40 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16, and driver ed is required for applicants under 18. No driving from 1 a.m. to 4 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 25 (family excepted).
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends at 18. The passenger restriction ends after 6 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

New Jersey

Learner stage: Permit at 16 (17 if you skip driver ed). Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). Permit holders can't drive from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. and can carry only one passenger besides the supervising driver, a parent, a guardian, or a dependent.
Intermediate stage: Probationary license at 17 (17 and 6 months without driver ed). No driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger (dependents excepted).
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 12 months of licensure, or at 21, whichever comes first. The minimum age to move on is 18.

New Mexico

Learner stage: Permit at 15, and applicants under 18 must be enrolled in driver ed. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 15 and 6 months, and driver ed completion is required for applicants under 18. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 21 (family excepted).
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 12 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

New York

Learner stage: Permit at 16. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (15 at night).
Intermediate stage: Junior license at 16 and 6 months. No driving from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. outside New York City. In the five boroughs, junior license holders can't drive unsupervised at all. On Long Island, daytime driving is limited to trips to work, school, or driver ed. No more than one passenger under 21 (family excepted).
Unrestricted license: Available at 17 if you completed driver ed, and at 18 if not. A 17-year-old who finishes the approved driver ed course can go straight from supervised city driving to an unrestricted license.

North Carolina

Learner stage: Permit at 15, and driver ed is required for applicants under 18. Hold it for 9 months and log 60 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). For the first 6 months, permit holders can't drive from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. You need 12 more hours of supervised driving (6 at night) before the full provisional license. No driving from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 21 (family and household members excepted). One additional student passenger can ride along when you are driving directly to or from school.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 6 months of licensure or at 18, whichever comes first.

North Dakota

Learner stage: Permit at 14. Under 16, hold it for 12 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving. At 16 and older, hold it for 6 months (or until 18, whichever comes first) with no required hours. Driver ed is required for license applicants under 16.
Intermediate stage: A restricted license is available at 15 on a parent's request. It only allows you to drive a car owned by a parent or guardian, and not between the later of sunset or 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. North Dakota has no other nighttime or passenger limits.
Unrestricted license: Available at 16.

Ohio

Learner stage: Temporary permit (TIPIC) at 15 and 6 months. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). Applicants under 21 need driver ed, which includes 24 hours of instruction and 8 hours behind the wheel. Permit holders under 18 can't drive from midnight to 6 a.m. unless a parent or guardian is with them.
Intermediate stage: Probationary license at 16. For the first 12 months, no driving from midnight to 6 a.m. unless a parent or guardian is with you, and no more than one non-family passenger. After 12 months and until 18, the curfew shifts to 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. and passengers can't outnumber the vehicle's seat belts. Exceptions apply for work, school, and religious events with proper documentation.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end at 18.

Oklahoma

Learner stage: Permit at 15 and a half if you are enrolled in or have finished driver ed, and at 16 if not. Hold it for 6 months with driver ed (12 months without) and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). Permit holders can only drive from 5 a.m. to 10 p.m.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger unless everyone lives in the parent or guardian's household or a licensed driver 21 or older is in the seat beside you.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 6 months with driver ed, or 12 months without, or at 18.

Oregon

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving, or 100 hours if you skip driver ed. Driver ed is required for license applicants under 18 unless you certify the extra hours.
Intermediate stage: Provisional license at 16. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m. For the first 6 months, no passengers under 20 (family excepted). For the next 6 months, up to three. These rules don't apply to provisional license holders who are 18 or older.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 12 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

Pennsylvania

Learner stage: Permit at 16. Hold it for 6 months and log 65 hours of supervised driving, including 10 at night and 5 in bad weather.
Intermediate stage: Junior license at 16 and 6 months. No driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. For the first 6 months, no more than one passenger under 18 (family excepted). After that, up to three passengers.
Unrestricted license: At 17 if you have held the license for 12 months and completed driver ed. Otherwise, at 18.

Rhode Island

Learner stage: Permit at 16, and driver ed is required for applicants under 18. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16 and 6 months. Parents or guardians of applicants under 18 must attend a class on driver ed content and GDL rules. No driving from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 21 (family excepted).
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 12 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

South Carolina

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 6 months and log 40 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Conditional license at 15 and 6 months. No unsupervised driving from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. during Eastern Standard Time, or from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. during Daylight Time. No more than two passengers under 21 unless you are driving students to or from school.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 12 months or at 17, whichever comes first.

South Dakota

Learner stage: Permit at 14. Hold it for 9 months (6 with driver ed) and log 50 hours of supervised driving, with 10 at night and 10 in bad weather. Permit holders can't drive from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. unless a parent or guardian is supervising.
Intermediate stage: Restricted minor's permit at 14 and 9 months (14 and 6 months with driver ed). No driving from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. For the first 6 months, no passengers. After that, no more than one passenger under 18.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends at 16. The passenger restriction ends after 6 months or at 16.

Tennessee

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). Permit holders can't drive from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m., and no more than one passenger.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 12 months or at 18, whichever comes first.

Texas

Learner stage: Learner license at 15, after finishing the classroom phase of driver ed. Hold it for 6 months and log 30 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). A licensed adult who is 21 or older must sit in the front passenger seat.
Intermediate stage: Provisional license at 16. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m. unless it is for work, a school activity, or a medical emergency. No more than one passenger under 21 who isn't a family member. No wireless devices at all, including hands-free. You also need to complete the Impact Texas Teen Drivers program before the road test.
Unrestricted license: The provisional restrictions apply until you turn 18. Applicants who skip driver ed must wait until 18 to get a license.

Utah

Learner stage: Permit at 15, and applicants under 19 must be enrolled in driver ed. Hold it for 6 months and log 40 hours of supervised driving (10 at night), including up to 5 hours in a driving simulator.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16, and applicants under 19 need to have completed driver ed. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m., and no passengers outside the family. The passenger rule is secondary enforcement.
Unrestricted license: The night restriction ends at 17. The passenger restriction ends after 6 months of licensure or at 18.

Vermont

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 12 months and log 40 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16, and driver ed is required for applicants under 18. There is no nighttime curfew. For the first 3 months, no passengers, with no exceptions. For the next 3 months, no passengers outside the family (secondary enforcement).
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 6 months of licensure or at 18, whichever comes first.

Virginia

Learner stage: Permit at 15 and 6 months. Hold it for 9 months and log 45 hours of supervised driving (15 at night). Night and passenger restrictions apply to permit holders too. Driver ed is required for license applicants under 22, and programs for students under 18 include a 90-minute segment for parents.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16 and 3 months. No driving from midnight to 4 a.m. (secondary enforcement). For the first 12 months, no more than one passenger under 21 (family excepted). After that, up to three.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end at 18.

Washington

Learner stage: Permit at 15 if you are enrolled in driver ed, and at 15 and 6 months if not. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night). Driver ed is required for applicants under 18, and the state is phasing in a requirement that will extend to applicants under 25.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement). For the first 6 months, no passengers under 20 (family excepted). For the next 6 months, up to three.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 12 months or at 18, whichever comes first. A crash or violation on your record keeps the restrictions in place until 18.

West Virginia

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night), which is waived with driver ed. Permit holders under 18 can't drive from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. and can carry no more than two passengers besides the supervising driver.
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. For the first 6 months, no passengers under 20 (family excepted). For the next 6 months, no more than one.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 12 months once you are 17, or at 18.

Wisconsin

Learner stage: Permit at 15, and applicants under 18 must be enrolled in driver ed. Hold it for 6 months and log 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger (family excepted).
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 9 months of licensure or at 18, whichever comes first.

Wyoming

Learner stage: Permit at 15. Hold it for just 10 days, but you still need 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night).
Intermediate stage: Starts at 16. No driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m., and no more than one passenger under 18 (family excepted). Applicants under 17 must complete driver ed and hold the intermediate license for at least 6 months.
Unrestricted license: Restrictions end after 6 months of licensure or at 17, whichever comes first.